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KMID : 0351619770180010030
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Kyungpook Medical Journal
1977 Volume.18 No. 1 p.30 ~ p.47
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Clinical Application of Cellulose Acetate Microzone Electrophoresis
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金鍾律/Kim, Jong Rhyul
金在植/金重明/Kim, Jae Sik/Kim, Jyung Myung
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Abstract
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The cellulose acetate microzone electrophoresis (CAE) was studied for protein analysis, and applied to the detection of haptoglobin(Hp), gly~:oprotein (Gp), hemoglobin(Hb), alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme(ALPI), LDH isoenzyme(LDHI),- CPK isoenzyme(CPKI), lipoprotein, amino acids, hepatitis associated antigen counterimmunoelectrophoresis(HAACIE), electroimmunodiffusion (EID), and immunoelectrophoresis (CAIE). The agarose film immmunoelectrophoresis (AFIE) was also supplemented to CAE.
CAE fractions and patterns of all test items were so distinctive and sharp that it was very helpful for the diagnosis and for reading of the important patterns even with naked eyes.
From the protein CAE, it was possible. to make diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mono-clonal gammopathy due to multiple myeloma in arhich the typing of myeloma(M-protein) could be made grossly, and detailed typing of IgG-K, IgA-L or Bence Jones etc. was possible by agarose immunoelectrophoresis. The other monoclonal gammopathy was obserbed in malignancy in which the responsible protein was identifed as a normal appearing IgG which was located at the extreme outside of r=globulin on CAE. A sharp and tall peak at alpha-2 globulin belonging to alpha-2 macroglobulin accompanied by remarkable decreases in total protein, albumin and r-globulin, and some increase iri´ beta-globulin on CAE was definitely diagnostic fo´r the nephrotic syndrome. The polyclonal gammopathy with beta.-gamma bridging seemed to be diagnostic for liver cirrhosis.
The other diagnostic CAE pattern was that of protein-losing gastroenteropathy in which panhypoproteinemia with remarkable decrease in all proteins fractions appeared. The important patterns. of diagnostic aid were observed in appha-1 and alph-2 globulins. The major increase of the peak.. of alpha-1 suggested malignancy and alpha-2 predominancy suggested the acute phase reaction.
Haptoglobin CAE showed dark blue bands of a f~~st moving Hp(Hp-Hb complex) and a slo~ver moving free Hb. The hemolysed serum revealed sharp decrease in haptoglobin.
On glycoprotein CAE, the most fast moving was alpha-1 and followed by alpha-2, beta, and r, in slower order, and the main bands of pathological significance were ,alpha-1 and. alpha-2, as observed in the protein CAE. However the patterns of glycoprotein were more evident than those of CAE, in the presence of underlying disease.
The fractions of liemoglobin showed the main fastest Al with faint and the most .slow A2 in. normal adult, main F with minimal Al in newborn cord blood,- and the only F in fetal blood.
The main band of ALPI in normal adult was liver origin (L) which moved fast and is the main source of the serum alkaline phosphatase, and that in normal children was bone origin(B) which moved slower´ than L. The patterns nobserved in path~~logical conditions were L plus a more fast:-moving alpha-1 in~primary hepatoma, L plus the most fast-moving albumin fraction (Alb) in viral hepatitis and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, and L plus Alb and alpha-1 in hepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
The patterns of LDHI showed five fractions. LDHI(H4) was the most fast-moving one, and followed by LDH2 (H3M1), LDH3 (H2M2), LDHI (I-I1M3) and LDHS (M4) in slo-e: order. Elevated LDHI peak was typical to myocardial infarction and LDH5 peak to liver damnce.
The patterns of CPKI obserbed by UV lamp in the dark room were CPK-1 (BB) `~-hicl: is the most fast-moving band and followed by CPK-2 and CPK-3 (i~livl) in slower, and the ap;~earance of CPK-2 (MB) was diagnostic for myocardal infarction.
The patterns of lipoprotein showed the most fast-moving alpha-lipoprotein which way followed by faint perbeta-and distinct beta-lipoprotein in normal. serum. Type IIa and IIb were otserved in hypertension, type III in diabetes mellitus, type IV in nephrotic syndrome, and ch~-lomicron band in myeloma.
In the ;patterns of amino acids, the most fast-moving pattern was lysine, and the r.;cat slow was tryptophane. Moreainine (a commericial amino acid preparation) and the urine under moreamine infusion showed corresponding patterns to the amino ;acids.
HAACIE revealed the precipitation between patient serum and anti-HAA serum.
By EI with anti-IgG, obserbed were the precipitated arcs wi1:h different mobilities -´rich were proportional to the contents of IgG.
CAIE patterns were about the same as the ordinary agarose immunoelectrophoresi~ for the identification of, each precipitation. AFIE seemed to be convenient and- economical, and the result were supplementary to the protein CAE.
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